They even had a little shell. It will not be tolerated. Ed Herlihy, Newsreel Announcer: [1964] Congress passes the most sweeping Civil Rights Bill ever to be written into the law and thus reaffirms the conception of equality for all men that began with Lincoln and the Civil War 100 years ago.

McCullough: [voice-over] "The pressure got so great Bob couldn't sleep at night," the President said later.

Estuary Press Archives I just want to go back home and go to school. In the Senate, he attached himself to the southern conservatives and their influential leader, Richard Brevard Russell of Georgia. They'll be pushing Vietnam up my ass every time -- Vietnam, Vietnam, Vietnam.".

Pres. Lady Bird became the "perfect political wife" for LBJ. A politician of irrepressible energy and ambition, Johnson burned to be President in 1960, but settled instead for second place on the Democratic ticket as the running mate of John F. Kennedy. Paul Schutzer, LIFE Magazine, copyright TIME/WARNER

"I loved going with my father to the legislature," Lyndon said.

Johnson: John F. Kennedy told his countrymen that our national work would not be finished in the first 1,000 days nor in the life of this Administration, but he said, "Let us begin."

Critics of the Vietnam War argued that the unfettered use of executive authority to wage war and deceive the American people on the progress of that war exposed pressing problems in expanding the institutional authority of the Executive Branch.

It matters not by whom it is done or under what slogan or banner. Doris Kearns Goodwin, LBJ Biographer: When he got into that Great Society mode, he looked at every problem in the society and felt, "I'm going to make it better." He was funny, often hilarious. Yeah.". ", Roger Wilkins, Attorney, Johnson Administration: People were demonstrating all over the country. He leaned back and he said -- and these words are engraved on my memory. (Tom Paxton), Youtube Channel: That was a good one.

Don Grissom They can be a human being. He looked like he was -- and I said, "Hello, Mr. ", John Connally, LBJ Campaign Aide, LBJ Advisor: He was frustrated because he couldn't end it and because he thought he couldn't win it.

Lewis Gould, Historian: It cast a shadow of illegitimacy over the rest of his political career that he never escaped. They used to say, you know, the man was a gentleman who could provide his wife with a sharp axe, you know, to cut the wood with.

Their positions were irreconcilable.

He said, "If I could just sit in a room with Ho Chi Minh and talk to him, I think we could cut a deal. McCullough: [voice-over] From the beginning, Johnson was far ahead and the lead inspired him. McCullough: [voice-over] In spite of growing opposition to his war policies, warnings from his political advisers, with over 20,000 Americans dead, Johnson remained adamant.

Pres. McCullough: [voice-over] Johnson had begun his political life as a Franklin Roosevelt liberal, but in 1948, he ran against the unions, supported big business and spoke out strongly against civil rights. Harry McPherson, U.S. Senate Staff: In the Senate, he would pace the floor, pull out his inhaler, draw deep breaths into his nose, looking around the chamber, thinking all the time, nervous. I don't know what other term to use. Five months before, the Wise Men had cheered Johnson with their support.

He knows the only chance in hell that he has to be President of the United States is if you run as Vice President."

McCullough: [voice-over] Surrounded by his family, Lyndon Johnson withdrew as a candidate for President of the United States.

Jack Valenti, Special Assistant to the President: The presidency became a burden that each day became more difficult to bear. Following WWII, Harry Truman supported colonial France against Vietnamese nationalists mobilized under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh, whom Truman and Eisenhower both viewed as ‘Moscow-directed.”7 When France was defeated in 1954, Minh accepted a temporary agreement to divide the country into a North and South Vietnam, believing that national elections would soon eliminate this partition.

He said, "You did something I thought was basically right and I didn't want this night to go by until I called on you personally to tell you how proud I am of you." Gen. William Westmoreland: The enemy is being progressively weakened.

Johnson: I have today ordered to Vietnam the air mobile division and certain other forces which will raise our fighting strength from 75,000 to 125,000 men almost immediately. The war's too slow. McCullough: [voice-over] His aspirations were enormous. It was all there, all in one man, and if you liked politics, it was like being at the feet of a giant.". I will out-Kennedy Kennedy. Larry Berman, Vietnam Historian: I believe Johnson wished he had never heard of Vietnam. Who is participating in the discussion and what are they discussing?

Nothing had prepared Rebecca for the hardships of life in the rural backwaters of Texas with no electricity or indoor plumbing.

"Hanoi and other cities may be destroyed," Ho told his countrymen, "but the Vietnamese people will not be intimidated.". McCullough: [voice-over] Johnson had taken the country into war and kept the American people in the dark. "The only thing I loved more was going with him on the trail during his campaigns. Listen online and get new recommendations, only at Last.fm

And that was his way of apologizing. McCullough: [voice-over] The White House could keep these internal debates hidden, but there was no hiding what was happening in Vietnam. Ronnie Dugger, LBJ Biographer: If Homer Dean knew it was stolen, you don't find Homer Dean saying he stole it. McCullough: [voice-over] Behind the scenes in the Senate cloakroom, Johnson moved from one side to the other, first trying to assure the southern Democrats. "That way Kennedy would live on forever and so would I."

Jack Valenti, Special Assistant to the President: So in those days, we played hardball. Johnson never forgot his father's parting words. Johnson: Gosh, this is hard to read, Jim.

McCullough: [voice-over] With civil rights activists confronting segregation all across the South, many Americans wondered how the new President would react. To keep South Vietnam from falling, he might have to commit hundreds of thousands of American boys to a full-scale land war in Asia. He hated them. I -- I mean, it was a year or two before I discovered I had been taken in.

Pres.

Sam Sills, Series Associate Producer John Connally, LBJ Campaign Aide, LBJ Advisor: Well, the polls clearly showed that Coke Stevenson, starting out, had almost a 2-1 lead over Johnson.

At other times, he was incredibly charming. And then, the Senate voted to stop the talking. I jumped off the old troop ship, I sank in mud up to my hips, Am                     E                          Am.

"I loved him and I didn't want to let him go, but he was just short of cracking. James Thomson, Jr., National Security Council Staff: I was overwhelmed with exhilaration.

So he said, "I want you to know that the National Democratic Party is much more liberal than Texas."

John Connally, LBJ Campaign Aide, LBJ Advisor: Part of his demeanor, part of his whole life was that he felt he could convert anybody, that he could convert an enemy into a friend, that he was -- he would work at it assiduously, to court and to convert someone who disliked him into being a friend and a disciple.

What he wanted was time -- time to build his Great Society. In fact, when it was finally passed, Mr. Douglas said that it reminded him of Lincoln's old saying that it was like a soup made from the shadow of a crow which had starved to death. He told his advisers, "Get every South Vietnamese man under 40 years and get it done. Pres. And I remember Richard Russell said to him, he said, "Well, Mr. President, you may do it, but I'll tell you what -- it's going to cost you the South and it will cost you an election.".

www.youtube.com/channel/UC6gxgY1rey3Un4KqyGjhLDg/videos McCullough: [voice-over] Coke Stevenson was a self-made man, tight-fisted with the budget and immensely popular. he was beginning to hunker down, isolating himself from dissent. Robert Baker, LBJ Senate Aide: Old man Rayburn said, "Shit, sonny," and kicked him out. I said, "You know, you're wrong. Mike Geissinger

Nicholas Katzenbach, Attorney General: One has to remember that the candidate running against Lyndon Johnson was Barry Goldwater and I've always thought that the Tonkin Gulf resolution was essentially an election resolution.

And during that week, I was in the White House, and again we meet him. The Maddox returned the fire, sinking one Vietnamese and crippling two others. Even before the Watergate scandal came to light, scholars and journalists started to debate what had gone wrong with the American presidency.

Johnson, I'm not sure, could ever accept that there was a group out there that wasn't going to like him. I got to have those votes, Everett, and I don't want any beating around the bush about it." Few presidents would ever know more triumph, few suffer such a swift and tragic fall.

Sergeant Shriver, Peace Corps Director: It was an attempt to energize and empower poor people. Now, the ambitious new congressman seized the opportunity to meet him.

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