MAX TEGMARK: And we built it, and it worked. That's characteristic of lots of math-gifted types. About the same as lemurs and rhesus monkeys. SIMON SCHAFFER: What's so impressive and so dramatic is that a single mathematical law would allow you to move throughout the universe. That's exactly what it feels like. The photo looks like the pond but as we move in closer, and closer, we can see it is really a field of pixels each represented by three numbers that specify the amount of red, green and blue. …a profound insight that mathematicians and scientists continue to explore to this day. In 2012, experiments at CERN confirmed the existence of the Higgs particle, making the work of Peter Higgs and his colleagues, decades earlier, one of the greatest predictions ever made.
NARRATOR: Duke professor Liz Brannon investigates how well lemurs, like Teres here, can compare quantities. Suppose I take this needle and… So, the length of the needle is equal to the distance between two lines on this piece of paper. NARRATOR: Dropping feathers and hammers is misleading, thanks to air resistance. That math is both invented and discovered? I don't know the answer. Is mathematics, you know, a truth of nature, or does it have something to do with the way that we, as humans, perceive nature? It's even a relationship that we used to land the Curiosity rover on the surface of Mars. To me this is just a fascinating puzzle. He's been trained that if he chooses the box with the fewest number, he'll get a reward, a sugar pellet. So, Ed is 20 feet in the air up there. NARRATOR: Many of our greatest engineering achievements were built using mathematical shortcuts, simplified equations that approximate an answer, trading some precision for practicality. NARRATOR: A fact demonstrated on the Moon, where there is no air, in 1971, during the Apollo 15 mission. Perhaps also this theory may lead to a prediction that can be tested (either empirically or through reason given the necessary complexity that is discovered), with the rejection or failure of that particular theory pointing to a panpsychism where consciousness is a fundamental property of the universe, not mathematics? We need to figure out whether they can really use number, pure number, as a cue. to identify the right degree for you. It accelerated. The QS World University Rankings by Subject are based upon academic reputation, employer reputation and research impact (click here to read the full methodology). NARRATOR: Lemurs and rhesus monkeys aren't alone in having this primitive number sense. STEPHEN WOLFRAM (Chief Executive Officer, Wolfram Research): I think it's an illusion. NARRATOR: Today, hundreds of years later, this seemingly arbitrary progression of numbers fascinates many who see in it clues to everything from human beauty to the stock market. So maybe a mathematic theory could work in the future - it's just an emergent phenomenon. And so, frequently, we make approximations, we cut corners. JIM GATES: This is one of those questions where it's both.
In a very simple, geometric way, they set up a little machine that creates the Fibonacci sequence in many cases. It weighs 15 pounds. NARRATOR: Adam Steltzner was the lead engineer on the team that designed the landing system. We need to be asking questions in this vein, such as "what properties of systems facilitate consciousness, and what properties are accidental to consciousness?
LIZ BRANNON: Teres obviously doesn't have language, and he doesn't have any symbols for number. If it is “all in our heads,” why has math been so effective? NARRATOR: Our physical reality is a bit like a digital photograph, according to Max. Physicist Max Tegmark from M.I.T.
NARRATOR: The laws of physics in a game, like how an object floats, bounces or crashes, are only mathematical rules created by a programmer. MARIO LIVIO: If you look at nature, there are numbers all around us.
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