In this case, the overflow argument cannot be used easily to explain why the transition from P-Cs to A-Cs did not work in spite of the absence of overflow (a single stimulus is presented). If one would rely on the fact that the individual ‘is in some way aware of having it' to label it as P-conscious, then we are back to the previous issue we raised: P-conscious status would exclusively rely on subjective report, and would, therefore, be included within the content of A-Cs. Convergence and divergence in neural architecture for recognition and memory. An active perception approach to conscious mental content, A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness, Cueing attention after the stimulus is gone can retrospectively trigger conscious perception, Large capacity storage of integrated objects before change blindness, Balint's syndrome (psychic paralysis of visual fixation) and its minor forms, Event-related potential, time-frequency, and functional connectivity facets of local and global auditory novelty processing: an intracranial study in humans, Probing ERP correlates of verbal semantic processing in patients with impaired consciousness, P3b, consciousness, and complex unconscious processing, Why the P3b is still a plausible correlate of conscious access?
To test this prediction, we first have to identify such a signature, and ideally to be able to identify it on single trials. Lamme, V. (2003). Trends in Neurosciences, 23, 571–579. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 53, 841–864. In the end, we would not have any solid argument to discard P-Cs in all these situations lacking A-Cs. Minimally conscious state or cortically mediated state? James, W. (1892).
the functionality of which would contribute to a taxonomy of various conscious states. Nature Review Neuroscience, 10, 59–70. This second error that corresponds to a null distance between the observer and subjective reports explains in part the pitfalls of active introspectionism, and leads to multiple blind spots in the mechanism underpinning our conscious reports and conscious experience. Raffone, A., Srinivasan, N., & van Leeuwen, C. (2014). Developmental Review, 23, 471–494. My talk was entitled: ‘How “Phenomenal consciousness” can be defined as a product of “Access consciousness”-based constructs.' language, episodic memory, executive functions, etc.) Dehaene, S., Sergent, C., & Changeux, J. P. (2003). While we showed how problematic this proposal is, it also relies on the ‘overflow' argument: the reason why subjects cannot report all their visual experience is because this rich experience is too large to be captured by the limited capacity of A-Cs. Desseilles, M., Dang-Vu, T. T., Sterpenich, V., & Schwartz, S. (2011).
Neuronal cooperativity. (2013). We emphasized the notion that subjective reports are not limited to the passive broadcasting of unconscious representations into a GW, but that they also include internal active processes that encompass a very large set of mental operations, and that they are not necessarily neither verbal nor overt in behaviour.
Therefore, studying access consciousness is studying phenomenal consciousness. Lamme, V. A. F., & Roelfsema, P. R. (2000).
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LIP area of the parietal cortex). Solms M., (1997).
We used such an approach to probe conscious access to an auditory regularity with scalp EEG in behaviourally vegetative state patients [25].
A subjective report is not a passive broadcasting of an initially non-conscious or preconscious [5] representation to the conscious content, but it is rather an active internal process that solicits many high-level cognitive functions such as postulated by the GW models of consciousness [7,20]. However, we must first note that the visual completeness belief is nothing else but a subjective report of the individual: ‘I saw the whole array'.
As a conclusion, I would like to state some predictions, key questions and hypotheses that could be addressed in future studies. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 546–550. If the reportability criterion would only capture A-Cs, and if P-Cs would rely on other psychological properties and on a distinct neural machinery from A-Cs, then may subjects unable to self-report still be considered as P-conscious?
Frith, U., & Frith, C. D. (2003). No reductive definition is forthcoming, however P-Consciousness can be 'pointed to' by reflecting on the phenomenon itself. Let us consider such an extreme report as a complex hallucination: ‘I see a white rabbit wearing a waistcoat, and muttering: Oh dear! Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 542. Frontiers in Neural Circuits, 7, 96. LaBerge, D. (1990).
Note also that this retrospective cueing effect can provide a satisfactory A-Cs account of findings initially interpreted as a large P-Cs capacity [39]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Block sometimes calls Phenomenal Consciousness "P-Consciousness". Attending to the present: mindfulness meditation reveals distinct neural modes of self-reference.
Limbic system activity and drug dreaming in drug-addicted subjects. Baars, B. J., Franklin, S., & Ramsoy, T. Z.
Under the assumption that the content of A-Cs would only correspond to a narrow subset of the mental perimeter of conscious experience, one crucial question then arises: how can we distinguish a P-conscious representation (i.e. Note that this remark also unifies within A-Cs both the functions of consciousness (e.g. would, therefore, explain why a same unique signature would occur for any conscious access event. early local recurrent loops predicted by several P-Cs theorists), but would rather be a late and global ignition of the GW. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10, 803–813. (1874).
The net subjective report would be something like: ‘I saw an array of letters, among which there was a K, an N, a G and an L'. Fell, J., Fernandez, G., Lutz, M. T., Kockelmann, E., Burr, W., Schaller, C., Elger, C. E., & Helmstaedter, C. (2006). Neuron, 69, 191–193.
Krueger, J. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 47–52. First, the existence of P-Cs necessarily originates from subjective reports that are, by definition, accessed and self-reported by the subjects.
Neurocase, 6, 477–486. … No, she had to crouch down to rummage through her handbag for a key. Activation and coherence in memory processes: revisiting the PDP approach to retrieval.
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